कार्दियाक अरिदमिया
कार्दियाक अरिदमिया छगु अवस्थातेगु पुचः खः। थुकिलि नुगःयागु मसल कन्ट्र्याक्सन इरेगुलर वा सामान्य स्वया तच्व वा म्हो जुइ। थ्व अवस्था मंकायागु लागि कार्डियाक डिसरिदमिया प्राविधिक कथलं पायछि खंग्व खः, छये धासा अरिदमिया धागु रिदम हे मदुगु अवस्था खः। छुं कार्दियाक अरिदमियां मनूया प्राण वनेफु व थन्यागु अरिदमियातेत मेदिकल इमर्जेन्सीया रुपय् कायेगु या। मेमेगु अरिदमियां धाःसा नुगः भाराभारा मिंगु चाइगु, नुगः याकनं संगु चाइगु आदि लक्षण क्यनिगु या।
| ICD-10 | I47.-I49. |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 427.9 |
| DiseasesDB | १५२०६ |
| MedlinePlus | ००११०१ |
फ्रिक्वेन्सी तच्व वा म्हो
सम्पादननुगः छगू मिनेतय् १००कः तक्क मिनिगु या। प्रति मिनेत सच्छि स्वया अप्व मिनिगु नुगःया अवस्थायात त्याकिकार्दिया धाइ। नुगः मिनिगु ल्याया मनूया आयुनाप नं स्वापू दु। ल्याम्ह बलय् नुगः प्राकृतिक रुपं हे बुराबिलय् स्वया याकनं मिनिगु या। नुगःया गति नुगलय् दयाच्वंगु साइनस नोद (sinus node) धाःगु थासं निर्धारित याइ। म्ह तच्वलं संकिबिलय्, दसु व्यायाम याइबिलय् नुगःया साइनस नोदं थःगु वैद्युतीय ज्या तच्वयेकी। थ्व कथं छुं कारणवश नुगःया गति तःच्वैगु अवस्थायात साइनस त्याकिकार्दिया(sinus tachycardia) धाइ। अरिदमिया धाःगु अवस्थाय् असाधारण रुपय् नुगः तःच्वलं मिनेफु व थ्व अवस्था प्राणघातक जुइफु। If the ventricles of the heart experience one of these tachycardias for a long period of time, there can be deleterious effects. Individuals may sense a tachycardia as a pounding sensation of the heart, known as palpitations. If a tachycardia lowers blood pressure it may cause lightheadedness or dizziness, or even fainting (syncope). If the tachycardia is too fast, the pump function of the heart is impeded, which may lead to a sudden death.
Most tachycardias are not dangerous. Anything that increases adrenaline or its effects on the heart will increase the heart rate and potentially cause palpitations or tachycardias. Causes include stress, ingested or injected substances (ie: caffeine, alcohol--see Holiday heart syndrome), and an overactive thyroid gland (हाइपरथाइरोइडिजम). Individuals who have a tachycardia are often advised to limit or remove exposure to any causative agent.
स्लो रिदम वा ब्र्याडिकार्डिया (६० बीट प्रति मिनेट स्वया म्हो) अप्व याना ज्यान पाइगु जुइमखु, तर थुकिलिं सिम्प्टमतः क्येने फु। When it causes symptoms implantation of a permanent pacemaker may be needed.
Either dysrhythmia requires medical attention to evaluate the risks associated with the arrhythmia.
फिब्रिलेसन
सम्पादनA serious variety of arrhythmia is known as fibrillation. The muscle cells of the heart normally function together, creating a single contraction when stimulated. Fibrillation occurs when the heart muscle begins a quivering motion due to a disunity in contractile cell function. Fibrillation can affect the atrium (atrial fibrillation) or the ventricle (ventricular fibrillation); ventricular fibrillation is imminently life-threatening.
एट्रियल फिब्रिलेसन छगु quivering, chaotic motion in the upper chambers of the heart, known as the एट्रिया. Atrial fibrillation is often due to serious underlying medical conditions, and should be evaluated by a physician. It is not typically a medical emergency.
Ventricular fibrillation occurs in the ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart; it is always a medical emergency. If left untreated, ventricular fibrillation (VF, or V-fib) can lead to death within minutes. When a heart goes into V-fib, effective pumping of the blood stops. V-fib is considered a form of cardiac arrest, and an individual suffering from it will not survive unless cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation are provided immediately.
CPR can prolong the survival of the brain in the lack of a normal pulse, but defibrillation is the intervention which is most likely to restore a more healthy heart rhythm. It does this by applying an electric shock to the heart, after which sometimes the heart will revert to a rhythm that can once again pump blood.
Almost every person goes into ventricular fibrillation in the last few minutes of life as the heart muscle reacts to diminished oxygen or general blood flow, trauma, irritants, or depression of electrical impulses themselves from the brain.
इम्पल्सयु मूल
सम्पादनWhen an electrical impulse begins in any part of the heart, it will spread throughout the myocardium and cause a contraction; see Electrical conduction system of the heart. Abnormal impulses can begin by one of two mechanisms: automaticity or reentry.
अटोम्याटिसिटी
सम्पादनAutomaticity refers to a cardiac muscle cell firing off an impulse on its own. Every cardiac cell has this potential: if it does not receive any impulses from elsewhere, its internal "pacemaker" will fire off an impulse after a certain amount of time. A single specialized location in the atrium, the sinoatrial node, has a higher automaticity (a faster pacemaker) than the rest of the heart, and therefore is usually the one to start the heartbeat.
Any part of the heart that initiates an impulse without waiting for the sinoatrial node is called an ectopic focus, and is by definition a pathological phenomenon. This may cause a single premature beat now and then, or, if the ectopic focus fires more often than the sinoatrial node, it can produce a sustained abnormal rhythm. Rhythms produced by an ectopic focus in the atria, or by the atrioventricular node, are the least dangerous dysrhythmias; but they can still produce a decrease in the heart's pumping efficiency, because the signal reaches the various parts of the heart muscle with slightly different timing than usual and causes a poorly coordinated contraction.
Conditions that increase automaticity include sympathetic nervous system stimulation and hypoxia. The resulting heart rhythm depends on where the first signal begins: if it is the sinoatrial node, the rhythm remains normal but rapid; if it is an ectopic focus, many types of dysrhythmia can result.
रि-एन्ट्री
सम्पादनRe-entrant dysrhythmias occur when an electrical impulse travels in a circle within the heart, rather than moving outward and then stopping. Every cardiac cell is able to transmit impulses in every direction, but will only do so once within a short period of time. Normally the impulse spreads through the heart quickly enough that each cell will only respond once, but if conduction is abnormally slow in some areas, part of the impulse will arrive late and will be treated as a new impulse, which can then spread backward. Depending on the timing, this can produce a sustained abnormal rhythm, such as atrial flutter, a self-limiting burst of supraventricular tachycardia, or the dangerous ventricular tachycardia.
By analogy, imagine a room full of people all given these instructions: "If you see anyone starting to stand up, then stand up for three seconds and sit back down." If the people are quick enough to respond, the first person to stand will trigger a single wave which will then die out; but if there are stragglers on one side of the room, people who have already sat down will see them and start a second wave, and so on.
Diagnosis
सम्पादनCardiac dysrhythmias are often first detected by simple but nonspecific means: auscultation of the heartbeat with a stethoscope, or feeling for peripheral pulses. These cannot usually diagnose specific dysrhythmias, but can give a general indication of the heart rate and whether it is regular or irregular. Not all the electrical impulses of the heart produce audible or palpable beats; in many cardiac arrhythmias, the premature or abnormal beats do not produce an effective pumping action and are experienced as "skipped" beats.
The simplest specific diagnostic test for assessment of heart rhythm is the electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG). A Holter monitor is an ECG recorded over a 24-hour period, to detect dysrhythmias that may happen briefly and unpredictably throughout the day.
SADS
सम्पादनSADS, or sudden arrhythmia death syndrome, is a term used to describe sudden death due to cardiac arrest brought on by an arrhythmia. The most common cause of sudden death in the US is coronary artery disease. Approximately 300,000 people die suddenly of this cause every year in the US. SADS can also occur from other causes. Also, there are many inherited conditions and heart diseases that can affect young people that can cause sudden death. Many of these victims have no symptoms before dying suddenly.
Causes of SADS in young people are long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia ("arrythmia"-causing, "right ventricle"-involving, pre-cancerous malformation(bad-growth)).
आपालं खनेदैगु कार्डियाक डिसरिदमियातेगु धलः
सम्पादन- एट्रियल अरिदमिया
- एट्रियल डिसरिदमिया
- भेन्ट्रिकुलर अरिदमिया
- भेन्ट्रिकुलर डिसरिदमिया
- जंक्सनल डिसरिदमिया
- हार्ट ब्लक
- First degree heart block
- Second degree heart block
- Type 1 Second degree heart block, also known as Mobitz I or Wenckebach
- Type 2 Second degree heart block, also known as Mobitz II
- Third degree heart block, also known as complete heart block
एन्टी अरिदमिक थेरापीतः
सम्पादनThere are many classes of antiarrhythmic medications and many individual drugs within these classes. See the article on antiarrhythmic agents.
Dysrhythmias may also be treated electrically. Cardioversion is the application of electrical current across the chest wall to the heart and it is used for treatment of supraventricular or pulsed ventricular tachycardia. Defibrillation differs in that it is used for ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, and more electricity is delivered with defibrillation than with cardioversion. In cardioversion, the recipient is either sedated or lightly anesthetized for the procedure. In defibrillation, the recipient has lost consciousness so there is no need for sedation.
Electrical treatment of dysrhythmia includes cardiac pacing. Temporay pacing may be done for very slow heartbeats, or bradycardia, from drug overdose or myocardial infarction. A pacemaker may be placed in situations where the bradycardia is not expected to recover.
Atrial fibrillation can also be treated through a procedure, e.g. pulmonary vein isolation. This is performed by a cardiologist who specializes in electrophysiology and is done percutaneously with catheters. Alternatively, a maze procedure can be performed through cardiothoracic surgery.
Transvenous catheter ablation is established as a curative treatment for many arrhythmias. Using Image Integration Guided Catheter Ablation it is possible to know the precise location of the catheter in relation to the cardiac anatomy. The CartoMergeTM mapping system from Biosense Webster integrates pre-procedural computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) images with electroanatomic maps has recently been approved for patient care.[१]
फ्याटी एसिड
सम्पादनFatty acids play an important role in the life and death of cardiac cells because they are essential fuels for mechanical and electrical activities of the heart [२] [३] [४] [५]
श्रोत
सम्पादन- ↑ J. Dong & H. Calkins (2006). Image Integration Guided Catheter Ablation of Arrhythmias.
- ↑ External blockade...by polyunsaturated fatty acids. pubmed. 2007-01-18 कथं। - see page 1 of this link
- ↑ Antiarrythmic effects of omega-3 fatty acids. pubmed. 2007-01-18 कथं।
- ↑ Alpha-linolenic acid, cardiovascular disease and sudden death. pubmed. 2007-01-18 कथं।
- ↑ Omega-3 and health. pubmed. 2007-01-18 कथं।
स्वया दिसं
सम्पादनपिनेयागु स्वापूतः
सम्पादन- Arrhythmia information from Seattle Children's Hospital Heart Center
- SADS Foundation
- Cardiac Risk in the Young (UK)