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<!--First paragraph Chemistry and Material Properties, Industry Size-->
'''हेरा''' [[कार्बोन]]या छगू [[एलोट्रोप]] खः। थुकिलि कार्बोनयागु सकल प्येंगु भ्यालेन्ट [[एलेक्ट्रोन]] [[को-भ्यालेन्ट बन्ड]] देका च्वनि। थन्यागु बोन्डंयाना थुकिया स्वरूप आइसोमेट्रिक-हेक्सोक्टाहेड्रल क्रिस्टल ल्याटिस जुइ। थुकिया कडापना व तच्वःगु [[जः]]या [[डिस्पर्सन|डिस्पर्सनं]] याना थुकियात औद्योगिक व [[तिसा]]य् छ्येलिगु या। हेरा प्रकृतिइ दैगु दक्ले [[कडा]] [[खनिज]] ख। साधारण हेरायात तच्वःगु प्रेसर व तच्वःगु तापक्रमया कम्बिनेसन बिया टाइप-II हेरा देकेछिं। थन्यागु हेरा मेमेगु हेरा स्वया अप्व कडा जुइ व थुकियात हार्डनेस गजय् छ्येलि।<ref name="Smithsonian">{{cite journal | author = Boser, Ulrich |month = June | year = 2008 | title = Diamonds on Demand | journal = Smithsonian | volume = 39 | issue = 3 | pages = 52–59 }}</ref> आया ईले मात्र [[एग्रेगेटेड हेरा नानोरड]] (C<sub>60</sub>), [[अल्ट्राहार्ड फुलेराइट]] छ्येला देकातःगु वस्तु थ्व स्वया कडा जुगु पुष्टि जूगु दु।
'''हेरा''' [[कार्बोन]]यागु छगु रुप खः। थुकिलि कार्बोनयागु सकल प्येंगु भ्यालेन्ट [[एलेक्ट्रोन]] [[को-भ्यालेन्ट बन्ड]] देका च्वनि।
In [[mineralogy]], '''diamond''' is the [[Allotropes of carbon|allotrope of carbon]] where the carbon atoms are arranged in an isometric-hexoctahedral crystal lattice. Its hardness and high [[Dispersion (optics)|dispersion]] of [[light]] make it useful for industrial applications and [[jewelry]]. It is the [[hardness|hardest]] known naturally-occurring [[mineral]]. It is possible to treat regular diamonds under a combination of high pressure and high temperature to produce diamonds (known as Type-II diamonds) that are harder than the diamonds used in hardness gauges.<ref name="Smithsonian">{{cite journal | author = Boser, Ulrich |month = June | year = 2008 | title = Diamonds on Demand | journal = Smithsonian | volume = 39 | issue = 3 | pages = 52–59 }}</ref> Presently, only [[aggregated diamond nanorods]], a material created using [[ultrahard fullerite]] (C<sub>60</sub>) is confirmed to be harder, although other substances such as [[cubic boron nitride]], [[rhenium diboride]] and [[ultrahard fullerite]] itself are comparable.
 
Diamonds are specifically renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities; they make excellent [[abrasive]]s because they can be scratched only by other diamonds, [[borazon]], ultrahard fullerite, rhenium diboride, or aggregated diamond [[nanorods]], which also means they hold a polish extremely well and retain their [[Lustre (mineralogy)|lustre]]. Approximately 130&nbsp;million [[Carat (mass)|carats]] ({{convert|26000|kg|abbr=on}}) are mined annually, with a total value of nearly [[US dollar|USD $]]9&nbsp;[[1000000000 (number)|billion]], and about {{convert|100000|kg|abbr=on}} are synthesized annually.<ref>{{cite journal|last = Yarnell|first=Amanda|title=The Many Facets of Man-Made Diamonds|journal=Chemical and Engineering News|volume=82|issue=5|pages=26–31|publisher=American Chemical Society|year=2004|url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8205/8205diamonds.html|id =ISSN 0009-2347|accessdate=2006-10-03 }}</ref>
 
<!--Second paragraph: Etymology and Applications-->
The name ''diamondहेरा'' derivesधाःगु fromखँग्वः theसंस्कृत [[Greek language|ancient Greek]]खँग्वः ''ἀδάμαςहिरा'' (''adamas'')नं "invincible",वःगु "untamed",ख। fromप्राचीन ''ἀ-''भारतय् (''a-''),थुकियात "un-"धार्मिक +वस्तुया ''δαμάω''रुपय् (''damáō''),दक्ले "toन्ह्यः overpower,छ्यलातःगु toखने tame".दु। Theyअब्लेया have beenनिसें treasuredहे asथुकियात [[gemstoneजेमस्टोन]]sया sinceकथं theirछ्येलातःगु useखने asदु। [[icon|religiousथुकियात icons]]ज्याभःया inकथं [[Kingdomsछ्य्‌लिगु ofव्यवस्था Ancientनं India|ancientप्राचीनकाल India]]निसें andहे usageजूगु inखने [[engraving]]दु। tools also dates to early [[History of the world|human history]].<ref>{{cite book |title = Natural History: A Selection | author = [[Pliny the Elder]] | publisher = Penguin Classics | pages = p. 371 | isbn = 0140444130}}</ref><ref name=ancient_China>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4555235.stm | title = Chinese made first use of diamond | publisher = BBC News | date= 2005-05-17 | accessdate = 2007-03-21}}</ref> Popularity१९गु ofशताब्दी diamondsनिसें hasहेराया risenप्रसिद्धि sinceअप्वया theवल। 19thथथे centuryजुगुया becauseमू ofकारण increasedहेराया supplyअप्वःगु सप्लाइ, improvedबांलाःगु cuttingकटिङ and polishingपलिशिङ techniquesप्रविधि, growthहलिम inअर्थतन्त्रय् theवृद्धि, world economy,इनोभेटिभ and innovativeसफल andविज्ञापन successfulक्याम्पेन advertisingआदि campaigns.ख। Theyहेरायात areसाधारण commonlyकथं judged“प्यंगु byC”इ the “fourजांचेयाइ Cs”: ''caratक्या‍रेट'', ''clarityक्ल्यारिटी'', ''colorकलर'', and ''cutकट''.
 
<!--Third paragraph: Mining and Distribution-->