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Eukesh (खँल्हाबल्हा | योगदान) No edit summary |
Eukesh (खँल्हाबल्हा | योगदान) No edit summary |
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{{Infobox disease
| Name = क्यान्सर
| Image = Tumor_Mesothelioma2_legend.jpg
| Caption = कोरोनल [[सि टि स्क्यान]]य् लङ्ग स्याकया म्यालिग्नेन्ट मेसोथेलियोमा <br/>Legend: → tumor ←, ★ सेन्ट्रल [[प्ल्युरल इफ्युजन]], १ व ३ सों, २ स्नायु, ४ रिब्स, ५ [[एओर्टा]], ६ [[स्प्लिन]], ७&८ जलासेँ, ९ सेँ।
| DiseasesDB = 28843
| ICD10 =
| ICD9 =
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus = 001289
| eMedicineSubj =
| eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID = D009369
}}
'''क्यान्सर''' (चिकित्सा शास्त्रय्: [[म्यालिग्न्यान्सी|म्यालिग्न्यान्ट]] [[नियोप्लाजम]]) छगू प्रकारया ल्वे ख गुकिलि कोषया छगू पुचलं ''अनियन्त्रित वृद्धि'' (सामान्य परिधि स्वया अप्व [[सेल विभाजन|विभाजन]]), ''अतिक्रमण'' (मेमेगु तन्तुइ दुहाँ वना स्यंकिगु), व ''[[मेटास्ट्यासिस]]'' (म्हया मेमेगु थासय् लिम्फ, हि वा लोकल स्प्रेडं पुना वनिगु) याइ। थ्व स्वंगु गुणं म्यालिग्नेन्ट ट्युमर बिनाइन ट्युमर स्वया पा। आपालं क्यान्सरं ट्युमर दयेकी तर छुं क्यान्सर दसु ल्युकेमियां ट्युमर मदेकु। क्यान्सरया सीकेज्या, डायग्नोसिस, उपचार व निदानया विषययात [[अङ्कोलोजी]] धाइ।
क्यान्सरं छुं नं उमेरया मनुयात असर यायेफु। अथे जुसाँ आपालं क्यान्सरया रिस्क दँ नापं अप्वया वनि। <ref name="Cancer Research UK">{{cite web | last =Cancer Research UK | title =UK cancer incidence statistics by age | month=January | year=2007 | url =http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/incidence/age/ | accessdate =2007-06-25 }}</ref> सकल मनु मृत्युया १३% क्यान्सरं सी।<ref name="WHO">{{cite web | last =WHO | authorlink =World Health Organization | title =Cancer | publisher =World Health Organization |month=February | year=2006 | url =http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/ | accessdate =2007-06-25 }}</ref>
सकल थें क्यान्सरत जेनोमया म्यालिग्नेन्ट ट्रान्सफर्मेसनं पलिस्था जुइ। <ref name="Kinz">{{cite book | author = Kinzler, Kenneth W.; Vogelstein, Bert | title = The genetic basis of human cancer | edition = 2nd, illustrated, revised| language = | publisher = McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division | location = New York | year = 2002 | page = 5| isbn = 978-0-07-137050-9 | url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pYG09OPbXp0C| chapter=Introduction |chapterurl=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pYG09OPbXp0C&pg=PA5&dq=%22from+defects+in+oncogenes%22&lr=&ei=EJ8pSujtDYWKygSqj8ikBw#PPA6,M1}}</ref> These abnormalities may be due to the effects of [[carcinogens]], such as [[tobacco smoke]], [[electromagnetic radiation|radiation]], [[chemicals]], or [[pathogen|infectious agents]]. Other cancer-promoting genetic abnormalities may be randomly acquired through errors in [[DNA replication]], or are [[genetic disorder|inherited]], and thus present in all cells from birth. The [[heritability]] of cancers is usually affected by complex interactions between carcinogens and the host's [[genome]]. New aspects of the genetics of cancer pathogenesis, such as [[DNA methylation]], and [[microRNAs]] are increasingly recognized as important.
Genetic abnormalities found in cancer typically affect two general classes of genes. Cancer-promoting ''[[oncogene]]s'' are typically activated in cancer cells, giving those cells new properties, such as hyperactive growth and division, protection against [[programmed cell death]], loss of respect for normal tissue boundaries, and the ability to become established in diverse tissue environments. ''[[Tumor suppressor gene]]s'' are then inactivated in cancer cells, resulting in the loss of normal functions in those cells, such as accurate DNA replication, control over the [[cell cycle]], orientation and adhesion within tissues, and interaction with protective cells of the [[immune system]].
Diagnosis usually requires the [[histology|histologic]] examination of a tissue [[biopsy]] specimen by a [[anatomical pathology|pathologist]], although the initial indication of malignancy can be symptoms or [[radiographic]] imaging abnormalities. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and [[Cancer staging|stage]]. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of [[surgery]], [[chemotherapy]] and [[radiation therapy|radiotherapy]]. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for different varieties of cancer. There has been significant progress in the development of [[targeted therapy]] drugs that act specifically on detectable molecular abnormalities in certain tumors, and which minimize damage to normal cells. The prognosis of cancer patients is most influenced by the type of cancer, as well as the [[cancer staging|stage]], or extent of the disease. In addition, [[histology|histologic]] [[Grading (tumors)|grading]] and the presence of specific molecular markers can also be useful in establishing prognosis, as well as in determining individual treatments.
==लिधंसा==
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{{ट्युमर}}
[[Category:विज्ञान]]
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