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==म्हसीका==
The '''United States of America''' (also referred to as the '''United States''', the '''U.S.''', the '''USA''', or '''[[Americas#Terminology|America]]''') is a [[federalism|federal]] [[constitutional republic]] comprising [[U.S. state|fifty states]] and a [[federal district]]. The country is situated mostly in central [[North America]], where its [[Contiguous United States|forty-eight contiguous states]] and [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]], the [[capital districts and territories|capital district]], lie between the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and [[Atlantic Ocean]]s, bordered by [[Canada]] to the north and [[Mexico]] to the south. The state of [[Alaska]] is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and [[Russia]] to the west across the [[Bering Strait]]. The state of [[Hawaii]] is an [[archipelago]] in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses [[Territories of the United States|several territories]] in the [[Caribbean]] and Pacific.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km<sup>2</sup>) and with over 310 million people, the United States is the [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|third or fourth]] largest country by total area, and the third largest both by [[List of countries and outlying territories by land area|land area]] and [[List of countries by population|population]]. It is one of the world's most [[Multiethnic society|ethnically diverse]] and [[multiculturalism|multicultural]] nations, the product of large-scale [[immigration to the United States|immigration from many countries]].<ref name="DD">Adams, J. Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). ''Dealing with Diversity''. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-8145-X.</ref> The [[Economy of the United States|U.S. economy]] is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2010 [[gross domestic product|GDP]] of $14.780 trillion (23% of [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|nominal global GDP]] and 20% of global GDP at [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|purchasing power parity]]).<ref name="IMF GDP">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=111&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=64&pr.y=8|publisher=International Monetary Fund|title=World Economic Outlook Database|month=October|year=2009|accessdate=2010-04-27}}</ref><ref>The [[European Union]] has a larger collective economy, but is not a single nation.</ref>
[[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous peoples]] of [[Settlement of the Americas|Asian origin]] have inhabited what is now the mainland United States for many thousands of years. This [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American population]] was greatly reduced by disease and warfare after [[European colonization of the Americas|European contact]]. The United States was founded by [[Thirteen Colonies|thirteen British colonies]] located along the [[East Coast of the United States|Atlantic seaboard]]. On July 4, 1776, they issued the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], which proclaimed their right to [[self-determination]] and their establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated the [[British Empire]] in the [[American Revolutionary War|American Revolution]], the first successful [[History of colonialism|colonial war of independence]].<ref>Dull, Jonathan R. (2003). "Diplomacy of the Revolution, to 1783", p. 352, chap. in ''A Companion to the American Revolution'', ed. Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole. Maiden, Mass.: Blackwell, pp. 352–361. ISBN 1-4051-1674-9.</ref> The current [[United States Constitution]] was adopted on September 17, 1787; its ratification, the following year, made the states part of a single federal republic with a strong [[central government|federal government]]. The [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]], comprising ten [[List of amendments to the United States Constitution|constitutional amendments]] guaranteeing many [[natural rights|fundamental civil rights and freedoms]], was ratified in 1791.
Through the 19th century, the United States displaced native tribes, acquired the [[Louisiana Purchase|Louisiana territory]] from France, [[Adams–Onís Treaty|Florida]] from Spain, part of the [[Oregon Country]] from the United Kingdom, [[Mexican Cession|Alta California and New Mexico]] from Mexico, [[Alaska Purchase|Alaska]] from Russia, and annexed the [[Republic of Texas]] and the [[Republic of Hawaii]]. Disputes between the [[Southern United States|agrarian South]] and [[Northern United States|industrial North]] over the expansion of the [[slavery in the United States|institution of slavery]] and [[states' rights]] provoked the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|end of legal slavery]] in the United States. By the 1870s, its national economy was the world's largest.<ref>{{cite web|author=Maddison, Angus|url=http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics/horizontal-file_09-2008.xls|title=Historical Statistics for the World Economy|publisher=The Groningen Growth and Development Centre, Economics Department of the University of Groningen|year=2006|accessdate=2008-11-06}}</ref> The [[Spanish–American War]] and [[World War I|World War I]] confirmed the country's status as a military power. It emerged from [[World War II|World War II]] as the [[Nuclear weapons and the United States|first country with nuclear weapons]] and a permanent member of the [[United Nations Security Council]]. The end of the [[Cold War]] and the [[History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991)|dissolution of the Soviet Union]] left the United States as the sole [[superpower]]. The country accounts for 43% of [[List of countries by military expenditures|global military spending]] and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.<ref>{{cite web|author=Cohen, Eliot A.|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/59919/eliot-a-cohen/history-and-the-hyperpower|title=History and the Hyperpower|work=Foreign Affairs|date=July/August 2004|accessdate=2006-07-14}} {{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1217752.stm|title=Country Profile: United States of America|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-04-22|accessdate=2008-05-18}}</ref>
==इतिहास==
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