हिपोक्रेतिज्: Difference between revisions

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Soranus said that Hippocrates learned medicine from his father and grandfather, and studied other subjects with [[Democritus]] and [[Gorgias]]. Hippocrates was probably trained at the [[Asclepieion|asklepieion]] of [[Kos]], and took lessons from the [[Thrace|Thracian]] physician [[Herodicus|Herodicus of Selymbria]]. The only contemporaneous mention of Hippocrates is in [[Plato]]'s dialogue ''[[Protagoras (dialogue)|Protagoras]]'', where Plato describes Hippocrates as "Hippocrates of Kos, the [[Asclepiad (Greek)|Asclepiad]]".<ref name="marti86"> {{Harvnb|Martí-Ibáñez|1961|p=86–87}}</ref><ref name="plato"> {{Harvnb|Plato|380 B.C.}} </ref> Hippocrates taught and practiced medicine throughout his life, traveling at least as far as [[Thessaly]], [[Thrace]], and the [[Sea of Marmara]].<ref name="mar66"> {{Harvnb|Margotta|1968|p=66}} </ref> He probably died in [[Larissa]] at the age of 83 or 90, though some accounts say he lived to be well over 100; several different accounts of his death exist.<ref name="mar66"> {{Harvnb|Margotta|1968|p=66}} </ref>
 
== हिप्पोक्रेटिक सिद्धान्त ==
== Hippocratic theory ==
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| source = ''On the Sacred Disease''<ref> {{Harvnb|Plato|400 B.C.}} </ref>
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हिप्पोक्रेटसयात दैवी शक्ति, बाखं व आलौकिक प्रभावय् विश्वास मयाइम्ह म्हापांम्ह चिकित्सकया रुपय् नालेगु या। वय्कःयात पाइथागोरसया शिष्यतयेसं चिन्तन व चिकित्सा एकिकृतयाःगु श्रेय बियातःगु दु।
Hippocrates is credited with being the first physician to reject superstitions, legends and beliefs that credited supernatural or divine forces with causing illness. Hippocrates was credited by the disciples of [[Pythagoras]] of allying philosophy and medicine.<ref name="philosophy"> {{Harvnb|Adams|1891|p=4}}</ref> He separated the discipline of medicine from religion, believing and arguing that disease was not a punishment inflicted by the [[Greek gods|gods]] but rather the product of environmental factors, diet and living habits. Indeed there is not a single mention of a mystical illness in the entirety of the Hippocratic Corpus. However, Hippocrates did work with many convictions that were based on what is now known to be incorrect [[anatomy]] and [[physiology]], such as [[Humorism]].<ref name="jones11"> {{Harvnb|Jones|1868|p=11}}</ref><ref name="nuland8"> {{Harvnb|Nuland|1988|p=8–9}} </ref><ref name="garrison9394"> {{Harvnb|Garrison|1966|p=93–94}} </ref>
<ref name="philosophy"> {{Harvnb|Adams|1891|p=4}}</ref>
वय्कलं चिकित्सायात धर्म स्वया पृथक तयादिल व ल्वेयात द्यःतयेगु श्राप मजुसें वातावरणीय प्रभाव, नसाः व प्राणीतयेगु अन्तरक्रियाया परिणामया रुपय् ब्वयादिल। सकल हिप्पोक्रेटिक ग्रन्थय् छगू नं थासय् दैवी शक्तिया वा दैवी ल्वेया वर्णन मदु। अथेजुसां व ईया विज्ञान आपालं विकास मजुगुलिं वय्कःया यक्व सिद्धान्त व विश्वास थौं वया पाय्छि मजूगु खनेदु। दसु- वय्कःया एनाटोमी व फिजियोलोजी, ह्युमोरिजमया सिद्धान्त आदि पाय्छि मजूगु प्रमाणित जुइ धुंकल।
<ref name="jones11"> {{Harvnb|Jones|1868|p=11}}</ref><ref name="nuland8"> {{Harvnb|Nuland|1988|p=8–9}} </ref><ref name="garrison9394"> {{Harvnb|Garrison|1966|p=93–94}} </ref>
 
Ancientप्राचीन Greekयवन schoolsचिकित्सा ofब्वंकुथि medicineल्वेयात wereनिदान splitयायेगु (intoपद्धतिइ theनिगु पुचः, निदियान (Knidian) and कोआन(Koan)य् onविभक्त howजूगु to deal with disease. The [[Knidos|Knidian]]खनेदु। schoolनिदियान ofपुचः medicineडायग्नोसिसय् focusedअप्व onकेन्द्रित diagnosis.जूगु खनेदु। Medicine at the time of Hippocrates knew almost nothing of human anatomy and physiology because of the Greek [[taboo]] forbidding the dissection of humans. The Knidian school consequently failed to distinguish when one disease caused many possible series of symptoms.<ref name="adams15"> {{Harvnb|Adams|1891|p=15}} </ref> The Hippocratic school or [[Kos|Koan]] school achieved greater success by applying general [[diagnosis|diagnoses]] and passive treatments. Its focus was on patient care and [[prognosis]], not [[diagnosis]]. It could effectively treat diseases and allowed for a great development in clinical practice.<ref name="margotta67"> {{Harvnb|Margotta|1968|p=67}} </ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Leff|Leff|1956|p=51}} </ref>
 
Hippocratic medicine and its philosophy are far removed from that of modern medicine. Now, the physician focuses on specific diagnosis and specialized treatment, both of which were espoused by the Knidian school. This shift in medical thought since Hippocrates' day has caused serious criticism over the past two millennia, with the passivity of Hippocratic treatment being the subject of particularly strong denunciations;<!--It seems to me that something is missing here. Hippocrates used methods that succeeded at his time, when medical knowledge was insufficiently advanced to allow for diagnoses or specialized treatments; at that time, attending to the general wellness of the patient was often the best way to allow their own immune system to fight off a disease. I'm almost certain I've seen this opinion in writing somewhere, and if it can be found it should be included.--> for example, the [[French people|French]] doctor M. S. Houdart called the Hippocratic treatment a "meditation upon death".<ref name="jones1213"> {{Harvnb|Jones|1868|p=12–13}} </ref>