तिमुर: Difference between revisions
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Eukesh (खँल्हाबल्हा | योगदान) No edit summary |
Eukesh (खँल्हाबल्हा | योगदान) No edit summary |
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{{Infobox monarch
|name= Tarmashirin Khan Barlas
|title= '''[[अमिर]]'''
|image=Tamerlan.jpg
|caption=A [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] era illustration of Emir Timur
|reign=1370–1405
|coronation=1370, [[Balkh]]
|othertitles=''Timur Lung'' (Timur the Lame),'''[[Baig|Beg]]''', '''[[Khan (title)|Khan]]''', '''[[Mirza]]''', '''[[Gurkani]]'''
|predecessor=[[अमिर हुसैन]]
|successor=[[खलिल सुल्तान]]
|wife=बिबि खानुम
|issue=
|royal house=[[तिमुरिद वंश|तिमुरिद]]
|royal anthem =
|father=मुहम्मद ताराघाइ
|mother=तेकिना मोहबेगिम
|birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1336|4|9}}
|birth_place=[[Shahrisabz|Kesh]], [[Chagatai Khanate]] (Now in [[Uzbekistan]])
|death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|1405|2|18|1336|4|6}}
|death_place=[[Otrar]], [[Syr Darya]] (Now in [[Kazakhstan]])
|place of burial=[[Gur-e Amir]], [[Samarkand]]
|religion=[[मुस्मां]]
}}
'''तिमुर''', '''तर्मशिरिन खान''', '''अमिर तिमुर''' ({{lang-fa|تیمور}} ''{{transl|fa|Timūr}}'', [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]]: ''{{lang|chg-Latn|Temür}}'' "iron"; [[अप्रिल ९]], [[सन् १३३६]] – [[फेब्रुवरी १८]], [[सन् १४०५]]), ऐतिहासिर रुपं '''तमेरलेन'''या नामं नांजाम्ह<ref>{{IPA-en|ˈtæmərleɪn}}</ref> ({{lang-fa|تيمور لنگ}}, {{lang|pal-Latn|Timūr-i Lang}} भासय्, Aksak Timur "तिमुर लंगदा " तर्किश भासय्), छम्ह [[तर्किश मनु|तर्किक]] शासक ख।<ref>"Timur (Turkic conqueror)." Encyclopædia Britannica. Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011, [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/596358/Timur Online Edition].</ref><ref>Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization, Routledge, 2005, p.812 [http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en#v=onepage&q Online Edition]</ref><ref>Massoume Price, Iran's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook, ABC-CLIO, 2005, p. 56, quoted ''Belonging to a minor military family, and of Turkish origin, Timur was born in Transoxiana (present-day Uzbekistan) in the fourteenth century. He rose to prominence in the service of the local Mongol ruler, claimed to be descended from Chingiz-Khan, and defeated all competitors.'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=gzpdq679oJwC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en#v=onepage&q Online Edition]</ref> वय्कलं पश्चिम एसिया, दक्षिण एसिया व मध्य एसिया थःगु अधीनय् लाका [[तिमुरिद वंश]] पलिस्था यानादिल। वय्कः [[उलुघ बेग]]या अजा ख। उलुघ बेगं मध्य एसिया सन् १४११ निसें सन् १४४९ तक्क राज यानादिल। <ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=12qdOZ0gsWoC&pg=PA289&dq=ulugh+beg+mathematics+genius&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-vRYT6GoE8rg8APBhpDXDg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=ulugh%20beg%20mathematics%20genius&f=false History of mathematics. By David Eugene Smith]</ref><ref>Science in Islamic civilisation: proceedings of the international symposia: "Science institutions in Islamic civilisation", & "Science and technology in the Turkish and Islamic world"[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ki3YAAAAMAAJ&q=ulugh+beg+cultural+centre+observatory&dq=ulugh+beg+cultural+centre+observatory&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ntlYT9-_JsfO8QOig-jsDg&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCDgK]</ref><ref>The global built environment as a representation of realities: By author:A.J.J. Mekking [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Qi3NPTlVX0QC&pg=PA121&dq=ulugh+beg+madrasa&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ifFYT9-ULYWz8QOv_Y2RDw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=ulugh%20beg%20madrasa&f=false]</ref> नापं, वय्कः भारतया मुघल वंश पलिस्था यानादिम्ह बाबुरया तापाबाज्या ख। <ref>"[http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9072544 Timur]", [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], Online Academic Edition, 2007.</ref><ref>"Central Asia, history of [http://search.eb.com/eb/article-73545 Timur]", in [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], Online Edition, 2007., Quotation: "...'' Timur first united under his leadership the '''Turko-Mongol''' tribes located in the basins of the two rivers.''..."</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102315/history-of-Central-Asia History of Central Asia], Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 13 December 2008.</ref><ref name="EI">B.F. Manz, ''"Tīmūr Lang"'', in [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]].</ref><ref>"[http://www.bartleby.com/65/ti/Timur.html Timur]{{dead link|date=May 2012}}" The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001–05. Quotation: ''Tamerlane, c.1336–1405, b. Kesh, near Samarkand. He is also called Timur Leng (Timur the lame). He was the son of a tribal leader, and a maternal descendant of [[Genghis Khan]]. He was from a Mongol tribe, Barlos. There were mongol tribes used to live in the area where his father was a leader. Timur spent his early military career in subduing his rivals in what is now [[Turkistan]]; by 1369 he firmly controlled the entire area from his capital at Samarkand.''</ref>
तिमुर छम्ह मंगोल ख। वय्कःया लक्ष्य [[गेंगिश खान]]नं पलिस्था यानादिगु [[मंगोल साम्राज्य]]यात पुनर्स्थापना यायेगु ख। <ref>Beatrice Forbes Manz, ''Temür and the Problem of a Conqueror's Legacy'', '''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society''', Third Series, Vol. 8, No. 1 (Apr., 1998), 25; "''In his formal correspondance Temur continued throughout his life as the restorer of Chinggisid rights. He even justified his Iranian, Mamluk and Ottoman campaigns as a reimposition of legitimate Mongol control over lands taken by usurpers...''".</ref> न्हापायापिं मंगोल जुजु स्वया तिमुर थःगु धर्मं याना पाः, तिमुर मुस्मां धर्म हनिम्ह मनु ख व थःगु खलः व वय्कलं थःगु जीवनकालय् थःगु मंगोल भारदारतयेत मुस्मां धर्मय् हिलाछ्वल।<ref>Michal Biran, ''The Chaghadaids and Islam: The Conversion of Tarmashirin Khan (1331–34) '', '''Journal of American Oriental Society''', Vol. 122, No. 4 (Oct. – Dec., 2002), 751; "''Temur, a non-Chinggisid, tried to build a double legitimacy based on his role as both guardian and restorer of the Mongol Empire.''".</ref> वय्कःया सेना बहुजातीय सेना ख। थःगु जीवनय् वय्कः मुस्मां हलिमया दकलय् शक्तिशालि शासक जुयादिल, वय्कलं [[मिस्र]] व [[सिरिया]]या [[मम्लुक]]तेत, उदयीमान [[उस्मान साम्राज्य]] व पतन जुयाच्वंगु [[दिल्लीया सल्तनत]]यात थःगु जीवनकालय् बुकादिल। तिमुरं ख्रिस्ति [[नाइत्स हस्पितलर]]तेत [[स्मिर्ना]]य् बुकादिल व थःयात ''[[गाजी ल्वामि|गाजी]]''या रुपय् क्यनादिल।<ref>{{cite book|last=Marozzi|first=Justin|title=Tamerlane: sword of Islam, conqueror of the world|year=2004|publisher=HarperCollinsPublisher|location=Great Britain|pages=91}}</ref> थःगु शासनया अन्तय् तिमुरं मंगोलतयेगु ल्यंगु चागाताइ खानेत, इल्खानेत, गोल्देन होर्दतेत थःगु अधीनय् लाकल धाःसा [[युवान साम्राज्य]]यात नं पुनर्स्थापना यायेगु कुतः यानादिल।
==लिधंसा==
*{{लिधंसा|}}
==स्वयादिसँ==
* [[मंगोल]]
* [[गेंगिश खान]]
* [[मध्य पूर्व]]
[[पुचः:मंगोल ल्वामि]]
[[पुचः:मंगोल जुजु]]
[[पुचः:मध्यपूर्वया इतिहास]]
[[en:Timur]]
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