वृहस्पति सुर्द्यः मन्दःया दकलय् तःधंगु गरः ख।

वृहस्पति ♃
A composite Cassini image of Jupiter. The dark spot is the shadow of Europa. The Great Red Spot, a persistent anticyclonic storm, is at lower right. White atmospheric bands, termed zones, represent areas of upwelling; reddish bands, called belts, represent areas of downwelling. They display high-altitude ammonia ice clouds and lower clouds of unknown composition, respectively.
Designations
Pronunciation /ˈpɨtər/[१]
Adjective Jovian
Orbital characteristics[५][६]
Epoch J2000
Aphelion 816,520,800 km (5.458104 AU)
Perihelion 740,573,600 km (4.950429 AU)
Semi-major axis 778,547,200 km (5.204267 AU)
Eccentricity 0.048775
Orbital period
Synodic period 398.88 days[३]
Average orbital speed 13.07 km/s[३]
Mean anomaly 18.818°
Inclination
Longitude of ascending node 100.492°
Argument of perihelion 275.066°
Satellites 67
Physical characteristics
Mean radius 69,911 ± 6 km[७][८]
Equatorial radius
Polar radius
Flattening 0.06487 ± 0.00015
Surface area
Volume
Mass
Mean density 1.326 g/cm3[३][८]
Equatorial surface gravity 24.79 m/s2[३][८]
2.528 g
Escape velocity 59.5 km/s[३][८]
Sidereal rotation period 9.925 h[११] (9 h 55 m 30 s)
Equatorial rotation velocity 12.6 km/s
45,300 km/h
Axial tilt 3.13°[३]
North pole right ascension 268.057°
17 h 52 min 14 s[७]
North pole declination 64.496°[७]
Albedo

0.343 (Bond)

0.52 (geom.)[३]
Surface temp. min mean max
1 bar level 165 K[३]
0.1 bar 112 K[३]
Apparent magnitude -1.6 to -2.94[३]
Angular diameter 29.8" — 50.1"[३]
Atmosphere[३]
Surface pressure 20–200 kPa[१२] (cloud layer)
Scale height 27 km
Composition
89.8±2.0%hydrogen (H2)
10.2±2.0%helium
~0.3%methane
~0.026%ammonia
~0.003%hydrogen deuteride (HD)
0.0006%ethane
0.0004%water
Ices:
ammonia
water
ammonium hydrosulfide(NH4SH)

लिधंसा सम्पादन

  1. Jupiter, entry in the Oxford English Dictionary, prepared by J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, vol. 8, second edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. ISBN 0-19-861220-6 (vol. 8), ISBN 0-19-861186-2 (set.)
  2. Seligman, Courtney. Rotation Period and Day Length. 2009-08-13 कथं।
  3. ३.०० ३.०१ ३.०२ ३.०३ ३.०४ ३.०५ ३.०६ ३.०७ ३.०८ ३.०९ ३.१० ३.११ ३.१२ ३.१३ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named fact
  4. The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter (2009-04-03). 2009-04-10 कथं। (produced with Solex 10 written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also Invariable plane)
  5. Yeomans, Donald K. (2006-07-13). HORIZONS Web-Interface for Jupiter Barycenter (Major Body=5). JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. 2007-08-08 कथं। — At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: Elements", "Target Body: Jupiter Barycenter" and "Center: Sun".
  6. Orbital elements refer to the barycenter of the Jupiter system, and are the instantaneous osculating values at the precise J2000 epoch. Barycenter quantities are given because, in contrast to the planetary centre, they do not experience appreciable changes on a day-to-day basis due to the motion of the moons.
  7. ७.० ७.१ ७.२ ७.३ ७.४ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Seidelmann Archinal A'hearn et al. 2007
  8. ८.० ८.१ ८.२ ८.३ ८.४ ८.५ ८.६ ८.७ Refers to the level of 1 bar atmospheric pressure
  9. Solar System Exploration: Jupiter: Facts & Figures. NASA (7 May 2008).
  10. Astrodynamic Constants. JPL Solar System Dynamics (2009-02-27). 2007-08-08 कथं।
  11. Seidelmann, P. K.; Abalakin, V. K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M. E.; de Burgh, C.; Lieske, J. H.; Oberst, J.; Simon, J. L.; Standish, E. M.; Stooke, P.; Thomas, P. C. (2001). Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 2000. HNSKY Planetarium Program. 2007-02-02 कथं।
  12. Anonymous (March 1983). "Probe Nephelometer". Galileo Messenger (6). Retrieved on 2007-02-12. 

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