| colspan=2 style="text-align: center" | Main article: Isotopes of थुलियम
थुलियम
69Tm


Tm

Md
अर्बियमथुलियमयितरबियम
रुप
silvery gray
साधारण गुण
नां, चिं, ल्या थुलियम, Tm, 69
उच्चारण /ˈθjliəm/
धातुया वर्ग lanthanide
ग्रुप, पिरियद, ब्लक n/a6, f
Standard atomic weight 168.93422(2)
Electron configuration [Xe] 4f13 6s2
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
History
Discovery 1879
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 9.32 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 8.56 g·cm−3
Melting point 1818 K, 1545 °C, 2813 °F
Boiling point 2003 K, 1730 °C, 3146 °F
Heat of fusion 16.84 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 191 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity 27.03 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1117 1235 1381 1570 (1821) (2217)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states 2, 3, 4
((a basic oxide))
Electronegativity 1.25 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies 1st: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
2nd: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
3rd: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 176 pm
Covalent radius 190±10 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure hexagonal close-packed
थुलियम has a hexagonal close packed crystal structure
Magnetic ordering paramagnetic
Electrical resistivity poly: 676Ω·m
Thermal conductivity 16.9 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion poly: 13.3 µm/(m·K)
Young's modulus 74.0 GPa
Shear modulus 30.5 GPa
Bulk modulus 44.5 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.213
Vickers hardness 520 MPa
Brinell hardness 471 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-30-4
Most stable isotopes
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
167Tm syn 9.25 d ε 0.748 167Er
168Tm syn 93.1 d ε 1.679 168Er
169Tm 100% (α) 1.2004 165Ho
170Tm syn 128.6 d β 0.968 170Yb
171Tm syn 1.92 y β 0.096 171Yb
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
· r

References

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